Word: researchers
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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During the Kennedy years and the first Johnson Administration, the White House and Defense Secretary Robert McNamara resisted pressure from the military and Congress to set up some version of ABM. Meanwhile, the research effort led to Nike-X, an expanded and refined system that employs two types of missiles and electronically operated radars that can handle numerous targets simultaneously (see box next page). Theoretically, at least, the Nike-X proj ect ? which is still receiving $175 million a year in development funds ? thus overcame some of the main technical problems posed by Zeus...
Some critics, notably Cornell Physicist Hans Bethe, a Nobel prizewinner, and Dr. J. P. Ruina, former director of the Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency, are more lenient. In testimony last week before the Senate Disarmament Subcommittee, they did not attack Sentinel's basic hardware. Bethe, in fact, called the components "well designed" and said he went along with the idea that Sprints should be used to protect Minuteman sites. Both Ruina and Bethe, however, were particularly critical of Spartan's role...
...Donald Brennan, a founder and former president of the Hudson Institute, a private research center, argues that even a flawed defense "makes an attack much more complicated and would tend to argue against anyone making one." He disagrees with the contention that it is cheaper and easier for the offense to stay ahead of the defense. Defensive technology has reached the point, Brennan maintains, where it requires equal effort for the offense to keep pace. To this, Simon Ramo, vice chairman of the billion-dollar-a-year TRW electronics company, replies that with "one-tenth of the budget...
When he set out to take his DNA pictures, Caltech Graduate Student Jack Griffith, 26, was well aware that his task would be extremely difficult. The DNA molecules from the pea-plant chromosomes used in his research project were only one thirteen-millionth of an inch across and would be agonizingly difficult to distinguish even with the aid of the most powerful electron microscope. In addition, the molecules would be distorted or destroyed by the instrument's electron beam before they could be photographed. Then how could they be photographed...
...graduate workshops modelled after undergraduate tutorials, and wider Faculty involvement in these directions. Implementing these will require changes in attitude and structure in individual departments. Not all of the changes make sense in every department, of course. In the Natural Sciences, where students work more intimately with professors on research projects, the need for an "ombudsman" is not as great as it would be in a more diffuse department. Not is the proposal for abolishing grades as relevant to a science grad student who is constantly scrutinized in a laboratory situation as it might be to a student...