Word: resorted
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Chemical weapons are horrifying and unreliable, and some military specialists have questioned whether Saddam would resort to them. Poisons might not be highly effective because modern armored vehicles have filters to keep them out and infantrymen wear protective gear. But Saddam is determined to kill as many allied troops as possible, and his chemical shells caused an estimated 25,000 Iranian deaths...
...recapture the Holy Land, St. Thomas Aquinas listed three elements of a just war: combat must be waged by competent government authority, the cause must be just, and there must be a "right intention" to promote good. Later Catholic thinkers added the notions that war should be a "last resort," that it should have a probability of success, that anticipated good results must outweigh the suffering that it would cause and that war should be "discriminate" to protect noncombatants...
...many of the just-war criteria. Questions about whether "competent authority" endorsed the gulf campaign died out once Congress had voted its support. The moral opposition revolves around two classical yardsticks. "We believe that ((the use of)) offensive force in this situation would likely violate the principles of last resort and proportionality," stated the President of the U.S. Catholic hierarchy, Cincinnati's Archbishop Daniel Pilarczyk, as the Jan. 15 deadline for Iraq's withdrawal passed...
...question of "last resort" focuses on alternatives to force, notably economic sanctions. The newly retired Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie, hoped that economic sanctions would be tried for months more, even up to a year, before any resort to force. An even more difficult criterion to assess is "proportionality," the weighing of the good and evil results. The antiwar protest from leaders of the National Council of Churches included forecasts of hundreds of thousands of casualties and damage lasting "for generations to come...
President Bush took up almost all those issues in his speech last week. On "last resort," the President contended that "extraordinary diplomatic efforts" had preceded hostilities. On discrimination and proportionality, Bush insisted that "we are doing everything possible, believe me, to avoid hurting the innocent," an assertion buttressed in numerous military briefings. Addressing the "probability" test, Bush has said repeatedly that the troops have the means...