Word: resorted
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...plan, and a Congress - after an initial case of the vapors - to act on it. But there is no Hank Paulson in Europe, nor a precise counterpart to Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke. Jean-Claude Trichet heads the European Central Bank, but it cannot play the lender of last resort, as the Fed did on Sept. 16 by loaning $85 billion to prop up the U.S. insurance giant AIG. In Europe, governments must act instead...
...usually reserved for currency stabilization. The AIG and Merrill Lynch interventions were attempts to dissolve failing companies in an orderly fashion without panic, as was the Wachovia bailout. The opening of the discount window to investment banks was the first effort to provide access to a lender of last resort. As for regulation, that will have to be something the Fed, Treasury, SEC and Congress tackle after the crisis crests...
...moves fit the pattern. But they also show just how far the crisis has spread. The decision to shore up commercial paper will allow companies that are unable to borrow money from either the shadow or the real banking system to have access to the lender of last resort (the government), ensuring that credit still moves in the system - hopefully. And the $700 million program Paulson is steaming ahead with will allow for the clearing of bad loans, and inevitably the orderly failure of companies that invested too heavily in them...
...issued lousy loans that now they too are failing, hence the fate of Washington Mutual and Wachovia. In the worst case of an unchecked, full-blown panic, even banks that operated cautiously within the post-1929 safeguards could be vulnerable. At that point, Paulson and Bernanke would have to resort to even more extreme measures...
...They're trying to deal with the crisis on a piecemeal basis," says Dennis J. Snower, president of Germany's Kiel Institute for the World Economy. He advocates a far more ambitious solution, including the creation of a new international agency that can act as a lender of last resort to stricken banks. In Washington, Robert B. Zoellick, president of the World Bank, concurs that only a multinational solution can really work. "While American eyes are on the intersection of Wall and Main streets, there is much more to the story," he says. "The response to these crises will have...