Word: retina
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...donned a molded plastic mask. At a signal, the accelerator beam was switched on, and nitrogen nuclei, traveling at almost the speed of light, flashed into his temple through a hole in the mask. At first nothing happened, even though the beam struck his optic nerve, behind the retina. For the next pulse, however, his head was moved so that the beam passed through his retina. "Hey, there's one!" he shouted. "Hey, there's a whole constellation...
...same flashes of light that astronauts see in space when their eyes are closed. Furthermore, he said, the experiment showed that atomic particles were causing the flashes -not through impact with the optic nerve or passage through the eye fluid, but by penetrating the retina itself...
With their problems under control, the astronauts conducted the first of their scientific experiments. Placing black sleep shades over their eyes, the astronauts saw the strange light flashes that have been reported by spacemen on previous voyages. Scientists believe high-energy cosmic rays impacting on the eye's retina or the brain's optical center cause the flashes. During the hour-long test, the astronauts reported seeing a total of 61 flashes, which Scott compared to a flashbulb's popping in a darkened arena...
...real interaction with, not mere use of, industrial facilities. Boyd Mefferd's room (made with the help of Universal Television) is a stunning perceptual experience: a pitch-black chamber lined with strobe lights. When they flash, the effect is engulfing and somewhat unnerving: silhouettes etch themselves on the retina as on film, and afterimage sheets of brilliant color drift and flower across the entire field of vision. Mefferd's piece is unique in that it is wholly objectless art -everything happens on and to the retina without mediation...
Holding the Retina. The choice is logical. A protein that helps to fill the spaces between cells of the body, collagen is already used experimentally to replace skin destroyed by burns. Extracted from animal tissue and further purified, the collagen gel is injected into the damaged eye by hypodermic. Once in place, it acts as both a light-transmitting substance and a source of pressure, filling the eye and holding the retina in place...