Word: retina
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...when Alan Chow, founder of Optobionics, began developing the artificial retina that could help some blind people regain sight, bionic technology was mostly considered fantasy. "When we started, what we proposed was such a radically different approach to incurable eye disease that the idea was considered science fiction," says Chow, 50. But with 10 trial operations since 2000, Chow and Optobionics are inching closer to the regulatory nod that would usher their bionic device into the mainstream medical world...
...long been interested in the visual system,” Dowling says. He has always used the retina as a model for research in the brain, in part due to the variety of cells involved in retinal actions. Aside from photoreceptors, five other types of neurons in the retina connect with the brain to help start the process of visual imaging...
...time we become aware of what we’re looking at, two main stages of processing have occurred. The first, in which spatial analysis and form recognition occur, takes place in the outer realm of the retina, while the second, in the retina’s inner region, involves temporal analysis and movement detection...
Indirect evidence of just such a possibility was published by researchers at the University of Wisconsin--Madison in the Journal of the American Medical Association last year. By looking at high-resolution images of the blood vessels of the retina--one of the few places where doctors can easily examine the body's vascular system without an invasive test--they found that women with the narrowest arteries were most likely to have heart disease but that the size of the blood vessels made no difference...
Leonard tore the retina of his right eye sometime after defeating Thomas Hearns in September 1981. He retired with only one loss and 32 professional victories, in addition to a gold medal from the 1976 Olympic Games...