Word: revolusi
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...nation. Resistance to Bangkok's assimilation policies-banning Muslim headscarves, closing schools not conforming to the national curriculum, preventing civil servants from attending Friday prayers-has simmered and boiled ever since Thailand, then known as Siam, annexed the Pattani sultanate a century ago. In the 1960s, the separatist Barisan Revolusi Nasional (National Revolutionary Front, or B.R.N.) was formed by a religious teacher after the state tried to force Islamic boarding schools to adopt the national curriculum. B.R.N. and other insurgent groups were neutralized by government amnesties by the 1990s, but their cause has been taken up by a new breed...
...these initiatives be enough to douse the southern fires, which have burned sporadically since Thailand annexed the independent Pattani sultanate a century ago? Ma-ae and Hassam suggest otherwise. In modern times, the insurgency has been driven by groups such as the Pattani United Liberation Organization (P.U.L.O.) and Barisan Revolusi Nasional (National Revolutionary Front, or B.R.N.), set up in the 1960s. The new militants are more ruthless and, while their youthful ranks overlap with P.U.L.O. and B.R.N., they refuse to publicly align themselves with any insurgent outfit. Their leaders are unknown. In the local Malay dialect, the new militants...
...chief General Wiranto or to a more progressive coalition of opposition figures, like Megawati Sukarnoputri, Abdurrahman Wahid and Amien Rais. What's certain is that the contest over reform has been radicalized. "The idea of revolutionary change has spread among the students," says a Western diplomat. "Now they shout revolusi rather than reformasi...
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