Word: revolutionize
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During those early years, with Mandela presiding as the founding father of what Tutu dubbed "The Rainbow Nation," diversity, it was said, was no longer a source of division, but one of strength, hope, even beauty. Mandela's embrace of the new vision hid the fact that many in the...
History is full of revolutionaries who failed to make the switch. Most promised people's rule but, once in power, embraced a permanent state of revolution - some, like Robert Mugabe and Hugo Chávez, conjuring up fantastical foreign enemies to fight. (To those ranks, now add the leader of...
It's a pattern that has been particularly pronounced in Africa, whose post-independence history has been dominated by Big Men, despots like Mobutu Sese Seko, ruler of Zaire for 32 years, who took the country as personal reward for "liberating" it. But it is also observed around the world...
With its own war won, the ANC also found itself a revolutionary movement without a revolution. Not only did it have to fix the monumental inequalities that the apartheid government had created, it had to do so using the instruments of state power - government, law, the police - which it had...
To be fair, the ANC is far from the worst example of a revolutionary movement lapsed into self-enrichment and autocracy. But because South Africa is the continent's biggest economy and natural leader, the ANC is a role model and has influence beyond South Africa's borders. That's...