Word: revolutionize
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In 1925, Deng left France to study at Moscow's newly established Sun Yat-sen University. He and other Chinese students attended classes in Marxist social evolution, the history of revolutions and basic military training. Among heroes of the Russian Revolution who came to visit were Leon Trotsky and Nikolai...
As a leader in the war against the Japanese, Deng began to experiment with some of the incentive techniques that are at the core of his second revolution. In 1943 he launched a campaign called the "great production movement," aimed at boosting local harvests. It included a system of "rewarding...
Deng also supported Mao's Great Leap Forward in 1958, which called for enforced nationwide collectivism on the farms and a buildup of steel production in backyard furnaces. The campaign proved disastrous, producing a series of prolonged famines that starved some 27 million people during the years 1958 to 1962...
As relations between the longtime comrades continued to deteriorate, the aging Chairman fell more and more under the sway of his wife Jiang Qing and her ultraleftist allies from Shanghai. At first Deng dismissed their growing influence as a passing phenomenon. "Young leading cadres have risen up by helicopter," he...
For Deng and many other political moderates, the Cultural Revolution was a nightmare. With his wife Zhuo Lin, Deng was exiled to southern Jiangxi province, where he was forced to perform manual labor in a tractor factory and wait on tables in a mess hall. Members of Deng's family...