Word: reward
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Halberstam said his motivation for the book came from “the reward of discovering nobility in ordinary people...
Saddam has always had to buy his friends. "The only ones who love Saddam," says an Iraqi businessman, 32, whom we'll call Ahmed, "are his family. Everyone else, even his closest circle, must be paid to love him." Saddam rules with an exquisite combination of terror and reward. "He will make you a millionaire or kill you," says Francis Brooke, an American adviser to the Iraqi National Congress (I.N.C.), the London-based, U.S.-funded, main Iraqi-opposition group. "Both are effective levers." Sometimes the two are applied almost simultaneously, as when an individual tortured in prison is welcomed home...
...look a little deeper, and the accomplishment is both less and more than meets the eye. It's less in part because the technology involved is so simple. Trainers have known for centuries that you can teach animals to perform all sorts of behaviors with a system of rewards or punishments. Neurophysiologists have known for decades that instead of an external reward like food, you can send electric impulses directly into the brain's pleasure center...
...return a tepid 6% annually (after inflation, which is running at about 1%). That would be far below the 18% a year that stock investors reaped from 1990 through 1999. It's also fewer than 3 points above the returns on the safest bonds--not much of a reward for the added risk posed by stocks. So, says Dimson, investors may want about 40% of their assets in bonds, particularly inflation-protected Treasury Securities (TIPS). These days TIPS are beating inflation by more than 3 percentage points, risk free...
Once the sun sets, Pagan is transformed. The heat dissipates, replaced by a cool, invigorating breeze that calls out for an evening stroll. The reward is a brilliant display of stars undiminished by city lights. And should disorientation set in, the ever- present hawkers, many of whom live at the temples, are happy to set misguided travelers back on the right path home...