Word: rh
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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While Haupt lingered through the night, pathologists and hematologists compared his blood type and cells with Blaiberg's. By a 12-to-l chance, both had type B, Rh-positive. Droplets of serum containing Haupt's white cells were pipetted onto dime-size disks in a plastic tray, each disk containing a cell-reagent preparation. The intensity of the reactions on different disks was noted, and compared with those already obtained from Blaiberg's cells. The cells, concluded Pathologist Martinus C. Botha, were a fairly good match. Not identical-that is impossible-but similar enough to suggest...
...until the present century did it become clear that safe blood transfusions depended on matching at least the A, B and O groups of red cells. The Rh factor came still later. In the early 1900s, U.S. Physiologist Charles Claude Guthrie and French Biologist-Surgeon Alexis Carrel appeared for a while to have broken down the barriers against transplants. They devised most of the basic surgical techniques, notably how to stitch slippery little blood vessels together so that the joints would neither leak nor close down with clots...
...devised by Dr. Vincent J. Freda and Dr. John G. Gorman of Columbia University, working with Dr. William Pollack of Ortho Research Foundation, the new technique is to vaccinate the mother immediately after the birth of her first Rh-positive child with a blood fraction containing other people's anti-Rh antibodies. These stifle development of a lifelong "active" immunity and in stead provide her system with a short lived "passive" immunity, and her system is far less likely to develop virulent antibodies. So far, reports Ortho, of 825 women treated with the fraction, only one became sensitized...
Each year, at least 200,000 U.S. men with blood classified as Rh-positive marry women whose blood is Rh-negative. The mismatch poses no threat to the first child, but with the second there is an almost certain chance of miscarriage, stillbirth or brain damage. The only remedy with promise has been a transfusion, replacing the child's entire blood supply in the womb...
Medical researchers have now found a surer and simpler way to protect the second child by inoculating the mother during a crucial three-day period following the birth of her first child. Heretofore, the problem has been that during childbirth, the bloodstream of the Rh-negative mother is invaded by hundreds of thousands of the red blood cells of the child, each carrying the factor that makes it Rh-positive. During the next few weeks, her system reacts to the foreign cells by developing active antibodies that can then attack the blood of all subsequent children...