Word: ricans
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Fortaleza, the Governor's mansion in San Juan, the architect of Puerto Rico's progress was forthrightly proud of the foreign plaudits. Under Governor Luis Munoz Marin (pronounced Moonyos Marine), the Puerto Rican government spends some $770,000 a year helping observers and students from abroad to come to the showcase island; since the program began, the total is 5,000. But Munoz is by no means satisfied with his accomplishments. Asked "Where do you go from here?" he exploded: "Man, we are not here...
...government's bank, and Roberto Sánchez Vilella, now Secretary of State (Vice-Governor). Rex Tugwell. named Governor, implanted an efficient civil service and a knack for the kind of economic planning that is flexible enough to improvise when necessary. By long tradition, the Puerto Rican government had-and never lost-a notably un-Latin reputation for incorruptibility among top officials. With these assets, Muñoz started the institution islanders call Fomento (development), a plan to "free the human spirit" in Puerto Rico by raising living standards above the animal level through industrialization...
...keep the bootstrap-tuggers from getting smug. Tax exemption means nothing if profits are nothing, and 169 factories (of the 667 that started) have gone under for such reasons as obsoletion of market, lack of distributing facilities, attempting to make a product exclusively for the still relatively small Puerto Rican market. The government, too, had its failures. The Land Authority tried valiantly, even mechanized sugar loading by a system that blows the semirefined product from trucks or railroad cars., into ships, eliminating bags. But it could not meet its allotted task of increasing output of sugar, and its lands...
...buys heavily beyond its own shores (mostly from the U.S.) and its purchases of goods and services top $800 million a year. It sells less, and its 1957 balance-of-payments deficit was $265 million. The deficit was redressed mostly by incoming capital, payments of $62.5 million to Puerto Rican veterans (who suffered heavy casualties in the Korean war), and money sent home by Puerto Ricans working in the U.S. Washington's grants-in-aid for such programs as health, housing and highways totaled $41 million (which is a bit more than islanders pay the U.S. Treasury in indirect...
Beyond Nationalism. Politically, Muñoz clung to his aspiration for eventual Puerto Rican independence until 1944. "That year," he recalls, "the Popular Party got 64% of the vote as against 38% in 1940. The Planning Board had written a paper on the economic consequences of independence, of being shut out of U.S. tariff walls. A Tariff Commission economist came down here, and I had two or three long talks with him. I said: 'Of course Puerto Rico cannot be independent in the same way as the Philippines, which have greater resources and lower population density...