Word: richmond
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Immense flocks of fast-breeding starlings, a bird originally native to Europe, are plaguing other communities. "We've gotten calls from at least eight other localities that want to break up roosts," says Don Gnegy of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In Richmond, Va., there are about 275,-000 starlings concentrated in wooded areas on the west side of the city...
What caused all this anger-and may cause a lot more throughout the U.S.-was a landmark decision by U.S. District Judge Robert R. Merhige Jr., who last week ordered Virginia state officials to consolidate the increasingly black (now 69%) school system of Richmond with two surrounding suburban districts that are 91% white. It was the first time a federal court had brushed aside metropolitan boundary lines to bring about racial integration, and it set an unofficial precedent for the merging of other largely black cities with white suburbs. Rulings on similar cases are expected shortly in Detroit, Indianapolis, Grand...
Whites' Flight. The Richmond case runs back through more than a decade of controversy. During the late 1950s, while some Virginia schools were closing in protest against Federal orders to integrate, the State Pupil Placement Board kept integration within narrow limits. In Richmond, where the school board chairman was Lewis F. Powell Jr., now a Supreme Court Justice, the first blacks entered white schools in 1960, but only two of them. The following year, the NAACP filed a suit on behalf of eleven black youngsters aged eleven to 14, which led to court-ordered busing across the city. Even...
While the percentage of whites attending Richmond schools dropped from 57% in 1954 to 31% in 1971, the number of white students in the two neighboring suburban counties jumped from 23,000 to nearly...
After receiving encouragement from Judge Merhige himself, the Richmond school board last year finally joined the original eleven plaintiffs and sought a merger with Henrico and Chesterfield counties (see map). In ruling for that merger, the judge declared that the state has an "affirmative duty" to eliminate all vestiges of segregation; it cannot shrug off this duty by pleading for local control of schools or by insisting on traditional boundary lines...