Word: rna
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...that J. D. Watson and company have outlined their construction manual for DNA (deoxribonucleic acid), the carrier of genetic information for all cells, many scientists agree that the best target for further research is RNA (ribonucleic acid). The cell copies specific genetic instructions from the DNA into RNA and then transports the RNA from the nucleus to the cytolpasm. It has not yet been determined how the cell chooses which information to copy and how the RNA is transmitted...
...nucleus, carries the cell's genetic information. This information is the blueprint that describes how the working parts of the cell, the proteins, should be assembled from 20 building blocks, the amino acids. Thus DNA ultimately determines the cell's function. The DNA's information is transferred to RNA (the cell's working manual), which is chemically like DNA except that it is usually single-stranded. Specific RNA messages ("messenger RNA") are shipped to the cytoplasm and there direct synthesis of the specific proteins...
...cells apparently have the same genetic information. That is, red blood cells, which produce hemoglobin, have the same information as muscle cells, although obviously have widely different functions. Cell specialization thus may depend on the process by which the cell chooses which genetic information to copy into RNA and, perhaps more importantly, to transport and use in the cytoplasm...
...selects which information to copy. Next, the Cliffie has to decide whether or not the book is worth reading after all. She may carry it with her to the reading room or she may immediately discard it in the stacks. Similarly, not all the information which is copied into RNA is transported to the cytoplasm. Finally, as the girl may postpone reading the tome once in the reading room, so sometimes the RNA message is not immediately utilized in the cytoplasm. On the other hand, the girl may fall in love with the book and decide to carry it with...
...brain's RNA and protein production are originally determined by deoxyribonucleic acid (the DNA of Biochemist James Watson's bestselling The Double Helix) that is established in the embryo by the sex cells at the time of conception. There is evidence, said Hydén, that the DNA in an old animal differs from that in a young one-and the same is true, presumably, in man. Here, Hydén opened the door a chink for a glimpse into an admittedly farout future. If a reasonably pure extract of brain DNA is injected into some animals...