Word: rocketeers
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...speech came the public climax of the anniversary gala-the four-hour parade through Red Square during which the Soviet armed forces traditionally show off their new weapons. This year, after Khrushchev's talk of intercontinental missiles and the persistent rumor that the Russians had sent up a rocket timed to hit the moon Nov. 7, the parade was an anticlimax. Though Rome's Communist daily L'Unità had confidently predicted that the day would be fine, because "Soviet experts are capable of creating good weather," the Moscow sky was so overcast that the scheduled...
...earth, either dead or alive. Dr. John P. Hagen, director of U.S. Project Vanguard, thinks the Russians never intended to. Even if already dead, the dog cannot merely be pushed into space like the dog in Jules Verne's From the Earth to the Moon (see cut). Rocket "braking" is necessary. Dr. Hagen believes that the weight of Sputnik 11 is not enough to include the rocket fuel that would be needed to check the speed of the satellite and bring the dog down through the atmosphere...
What fuels do the Russians burn to make their Sputniks fly so fast? Wild rumors last week gave them credit for wonder-working superfuels. Not necessarily. Conventional rocket fuels such as kerosene and liquid oxygen, if skillfully used, could do the job. But superfuels are coming along-in both the U.S. and Russia...
When chemists dream their fanciest dreams, they imagine powering a rocket with liquid hydrogen and liquid ozone (03). This pair is tops for energy. Its reaction has a specific impulse of 373. The specific impulse of the traditional kerosene-oxygen combination is only...
...hard to handle. Ozone is expensive, poisonous and explosive. Another dream oxidant, liquid fluorine, is about as bad. The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics has been working on liquid fluorine as an oxidant at a cost as high as $5,000 for a 30-second test of a smallish rocket, but no one thinks that fluorine will come into wide use soon...