Word: rocketeers
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...missilemen at the Pentagon and Cape Canaveral studied the figures, agreed that the Russians were ahead in terms of weight of payload, propulsion power, general rocket reliability. The U.S.S.R.'s rocket was also the first far-out Russian rocket detected by U.S. tracking systems. Whatever their secret launching-pad failures, the Russians apparently scored with the first rocket they got off the ground...
...Point Lead? Many U.S. technicians believe that the Russians have probably long since frozen their basic rocket design upon one model, and it now functions with workhorse reliability. U.S. missilemen take some comfort in the fact that the U.S.'s newer, more sophisticated rockets have intricate and ingenious instrumentation, guidance systems, planet scanners, communication. Another key U.S. claim: the U.S. has succeeded in miniaturizing its instrument payloads-not to mention its military missile warheads...
Lunik's great, multistage launching rocket, which probably weighed 250 tons or more, roared up from some part of the Soviet Union on Friday. When the Russians made their first announcement, they could already say with confidence that the final stage had attained escape velocity. On Saturday they could announce that at 9:59 p.m. E.S.T. Lunik had passed the moon and plunged on into outer space on an orbit around the sun. At week's end it was 318,000 miles from the earth and still going strong...
Ever since the Russians launched their Sputnik III on May 15, 1958, rocket experts have known that they had the potential ability to toss a good-sized bird out of the earth's gravitational field. To put a satellite on a nearby orbit around the earth takes only about 25% less speed than the escape velocity (25,000 m.p.h.) that will free it from the earth. All the Russians needed to do was to increase slightly the power of Sputnik Ill's launching rockets or to reduce its final weight. U.S. failure to reach the moon was mainly...
...Russians do not call their shots before they fire, Lunik may have been designed for several degrees of success. The most difficult would be to go into orbit around the moon, as the U.S. Air Force hoped to do with Pioneer I. But this stunt requires a small rocket to nudge the final stage into capture by the moon's gravitational field, and the Russians have not mentioned any such item. Next degree of success would be to pass around the moon and return to earth. If the Russians were trying to do this, they did not know their...