Word: roman
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Cardinal Richelieu, the First Minister of France at the time, developed the concept of national interest while working to prevent the revival of the Holy Roman Empire, which he deemed a threat to France's security even though both were Catholic. No longer were national interests to be equated with religious or moral goals. During the 18th century, balance-of-power diplomacy was perfected by England, an island state with a security interest in preserving equilibrium on the European continent...
...have been superseded by pious folk-rock in the Roman Catholic churches that gave it birth, but the ethereal, sinuous style of monophonic singing known as Gregorian chant is still alive and well, thank you. In the year's biggest musical surprise, a recording of Gregorian melodies sung by Benedictine monks from the abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos in Spain has suddenly become a monster hit. Issued, appropriately enough, by Angel, Chant has sold more than 220,000 copies in its first two weeks of release. The album is already No. 1 on the classical charts as well...
...trials in human history, none has had greater consequences. In Jerusalem, in April of either the year 30 or 33, Jesus of Nazareth was arrested, hauled before a religious court, tried by a Roman governor, sentenced to death and crucified. And what did that come to mean? That, explained the Apostle Paul, "God shows his love for us in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us . . . We are now justified by his blood." And thus it began...
...past century, the politically correct way to attach blame was to pin it on a vanished empire -- the Rome of the Caesars and its representative in Judea, Pontius Pilate. But a new, two-volume study by one of the Roman Catholic Church's most prominent experts on the Gospels dismisses that approach. "You can't just say there was no Jewish involvement in the death of Jesus," says Father Raymond E. Brown, author of The Death of the Messiah (Doubleday; 1,608 pages; $75), which re-examines this and dozens of other issues on the crucifixion. "Jesus...
...that of the Jewish religious leadership. Ellis Rivkin of Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, Ohio, contends that real religious courts were separate from the Sanhedrin, the council of Jewish functionaries that dealt with Jesus after his arrest. He depicts the Sanhedrin as a political body that collaborated with the Roman occupation forces and lacked any religious legitimacy. "Neither ((Jesus')) religious teachings nor his beliefs could have been on trial -- only their political consequences," says Rivkin. In his book, though, Brown sifts the ancient documents, Jewish and pagan as well as Christian, to argue that the Sanhedrin was the single recognized...