Word: romanized
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Dates: during 1890-1899
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...finest forms was a spontaneous creation, springing complete and perfect from the brain of Greek architects, as Athena, with helmet and spear, darted into life from the head of Zeus. Numerous excavations conducted in recent years have demonstrated the incorrectness of this view. They have shown that the Roman architect Vitruvius was in the main right in deriving the Doric temple from structures in wood. Evidences for the theory were found in the ground plans of such buildings as the Megaron and in the palace at Mycenae and Tiryns, in Solomon's Temple at Jerusalem, and also in Egyptian buildings...
...edge of this circular area of a wooden hut, or skene. This was the origin of the "stage" building. In the fourth century the theatre was rebuilt in stone, but a wooden proscenium was retained. At a later date this proscenium was rebuilt in stone. It is in the Roman epoch that we find the elevated stage for the first time...
...open, has a genuine stage been discovered. What has hitherto been identified as a stage-the proskenion-is in fact only a decorative member. The hypothesis which the lecturer urged with Iuminous cogency alone satisfactorily explains the historical development of the Greek theatre and the subsequent evolution of the Roman theatre from that of the Greeks...
...sixth century B. C., the seat of residence of the Tyrants. It was captured and destroyed by the Persians; but was rebuilt by Pericles in the fifth century in far greater splendor, stately structures of marble replacing the old temple and gateway. In this condition it remained till late Roman times, the centre of the national history. In Byzantine times, the temples were converted into Christian churches; in the 15th century, when the Turks had captured Athens, the crescent replaced the cross. The Parthenon became a mosque, and when the Venetians beseiged the citadel in 1687 it was destroyed...
...photographs Professor Dorpfeld sought, with marked success, to give his hearers a picture of the results of the excavations. Nine strata had been found one over the other, marking the site of nine different settlements, each of which in its turn had been destroyed. In the upper stratum Roman buildings were uncovered, including a stately temple of Athena built of marble, and three theatres, and many colonnades and houses. Countless marble inscriptions record that this city was called Ilion, and that some of its buildings were erected by the Roman emperors. Under these Roman buildings, as the excavations were continued...