Word: romanizer
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...shorthand of introductory history courses, Western civilization lapsed into a dark night of the soul with the fall of the Roman Empire, to re-emerge in Italy hundreds of years later during the Renaissance. As scholars have long known, that formula was never entirely true, but it was tidy enough to shape the thought of a schoolboy. In the true sense of the meaning of Renaissance, it can be argued, an earlier rebirth occurred at the end of the 11th and the beginning of the 12th centuries. The age produced in its cathedrals perhaps the greatest architecture yet contrived...
...that standard, Roman Catholicism is surely alive and well. Unbothered by papal warnings against dissent and rebellion, Catholic theologians are today publicly questioning established dogma in a way that might have earned them excommunication in the 19th century and execution in the 16th. Several Dutch thinkers, for example, have tried to redefine the doctrine of transubstantiation in the Eucharist, which was made dogma at the Council of Trent; others have proposed radical new ideas on original sin (TIME, March 21). Even the conventional concepts of God, the Trinity, the divinity of Christ and the reality of his Resurrection are considered...
...creation of the commission was unquestionably the mildest reply that doctrinal dissent has ever received in Roman Catholic history. In the days of the medieval Inquisition, even heretics who offered to recant were burned at the stake for having dared to question at all. During the first decade of the 20th century, Modernists like French Abbe Alfred Loisy, who championed scholarly Biblical criticism, and British Jesuit George Tyrrell, who urged the revision of old dogmatic formulas, were excommunicated for beliefs that have become commonplace in the postconciliar church. Vatican II was indeed a watershed. Not since the Council has Rome...
...covered with ugly open sores. Smiling gravely, the priest greets them all, clasping some to his breast, kissing others, lifting the children high in the air until they giggle with delight. Thus begins a day in the life of Paul-Emile Cardinal Léger, 65, prince of the Roman Catholic Church, confidant of three Popes and 14 years the Archbishop of Montreal...
Other saints-like the Roman martyr Valentine, Bishop Nicholas of Myra (the original Santa Claus), England's patron St. George and Ireland's redoubtable St. Patrick-may still have mandatory feast days on national calendars but are now "optional" on the universal church calendar. Now mandatory on this worldwide calendar, however, are the feasts of such pointedly non-Caucasian saints as Paul Miki of Japan and the Martyrs of Uganda...