Word: rome
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Every weekday, at 15 minutes past noon, the bronze doors of Rome's Pontifical Gregorian University swing open. Four hours of lectures in Latin have just ended, and as the 2,600 students at the world's largest Roman Catholic seminary pour down the marble steps of "the Greg," a babble of a dozen languages fills the air. Germans, known in Rome as gamberi rossi (red lobsters) because of their flaming scarlet cassocks, mingle with purple-clad Scots, Latin Americans in black robes and blue sashes with seminarians from the U.S. in black soutanes with red-andblue cinctures...
Every year more than 7.000 clerical students are in residence in Rome, Catholicism's foremost university town, studying for baccalaureate, licentiate (roughly equivalent to a master's) or doctoral degrees in philosophy and theology. During the mornings, they listen to lectures at either the Greg, the smaller Lateran (1,500 students), Urban (900) and Angelicum (700) universities, or at one of the eleven assorted institutes and "athenaea" operated by the church's big religious orders. The rest of the day they work, study and pray at 39 residential colleges maintained by national hierarchies and religious congregations...
Changes on the Way. In Rome, as always, tradition counts for more than innovation, and the kind of renewal proposed by the Second Vatican Council has been slow to catch on in the seminaries. Changes are, however, on the way. At many of the colleges, the rigid discipline of the past has been relaxed to give more adult freedom to the seminarians. In February, Pope Paul named France's progressive Archbishop Gabriel Garrone as second-in-command of the conservative Congregation of Seminaries, which keeps a close watch on the curriculums of the Roman schools. Last week another hopeful...
...Rome's seminary system began to take shape after the 16th century Council of Trent, which ordered every diocese to support and properly train its own priests. In 1552 St. Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuits, set up the Gregorian. Eventually, Catholic prelates from other countries created col leges in Rome so that their brightest seminarians could study under the Greg's good Jesuit teachers or with the Dominicans at the Angelicum (founded in 1580). Once back home, graduates soon found that a degree from Rome was the sort of clerical credential that led to quick promotion. Study...
...seminarians now studying in Rome, more than half reside at the North American College, founded in 1858 and now occupying modern quarters on the Janiculum Hill overlooking St. Peter's. Until recently, the North American had just about the stiffest discipline of any of the national colleges: students could not talk at meals or visit each other's rooms, were only allowed to leave the college in groups of three. "It's like the Russian guards in Berlin," explained one seminarian. "If one tries to get away, the other two can shoot him." Things have gradually eased...