Word: rome
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...Seasons," the career-spanning survey that runs at London's Tate Modern through Sept. 14, it's not the kind limned in gentle twilight. The best pictures and sculptures in this confounding, mostly captivating show - which moves later to the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain and from there to Rome - are as tough-minded as any art of the last half-century...
...Apollo. It's the sweaty Dionysian scrimmage. Any of his early canvases ? can be a landing field of airborne phalluses, breasts and buttocks, of things squirting, and of brown excremental splats. In The Italians, a 1961 painting begun after he moved his studio to a teeming quarter of Rome worked by prostitutes, darting lines like fever charts describe the local energies...
...Though the tide in Rome was shifting back toward the doctrinal firmness he would come to embody, 1968 was a complicated year for Joseph Ratzinger, the current pope. According to his biographers, the then theology professor recoiled from the maelstrom of student protest and provocative behavior on the campus of Tübingen University, where he was teaching. Indeed, the following year he would move to the more conservative (and quiet) campus of the University of Regensberg...
Early in his reign, which lasted 21 years until his death in A.D. 138, Hadrian set about reshaping Rome's overreaching foreign policy. He withdrew troops from flashpoints such as Armenia, but maintained influence overseas through complicated negotiations and treaties. "The Romans could still project power beyond their borders," says Opper, but "they did it through diplomacy." Meanwhile, he used financial carrots to win over citizens at home: the show features a relief in which wax tablets listing Romans' debts are carried off by soldiers to be burned...
...statue of Hadrian in military regalia shows him trampling a barbarian - powerful imagery in the Greek portion of the empire, which had been traumatized by rebellion. His breastplate further emphasizes the Greco-Roman union, displaying the Greek goddess Athena standing upon a she-wolf that was a symbol of Rome...