Word: rotterdam
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...below, as well as the sky above, was crowded with tourists. Since 1957, the last year before jets went into transatlantic service, ships have experienced a worrisome 25% decline in passengers. But reservations are now running about 6% ahead of last year, and such luxury liners as the France, Rotterdam and Cristoforo Colombo are booked solidly through mid-September. For the first time in five years, the ship lines expect to break the 1,000,000-passenger mark...
Filling In the Sea. To get the land it needs for its growing industries and shipping facilities, Rotterdam has relentlessly expanded into the North Sea, will fill in and raise 12,000 acres of lowland to create the Europoort. It needs all the room it can get. Gulf is building a new refinery in the Europoort, Tidewater Oil is moving in, and Britain's big Imperial Chemical Industries has already started a petrochemical complex. The port is building a new grain harbor whose 420-meter jetty will be the world's biggest. Last week, contracts were signed...
Nothing but Work. While location has played a major part in Rotterdam's success, equal credit must go to the farsighted businessmen of the city. Rotterdam was devastated by German bombing in World War II, and retreating Germans dynamited 35% of the harbor facilities. But even under Nazi occupation, Rotterdam's businessmen met secretly and laid plans for the harbor's postwar expansion. At war's end, they invested all available money in the port, purposely leaving the main district a bombed-out, barren plain for five years. Rotterdam built steadily, has increased its prewar business...
...postwar sacrifice. The work of Russian-born Sculptor Ossip Zadkine, it depicts a man with upraised arms, and, where his heart should be, a hole to symbolize suffering. The statue will be really finished, says Zadkine, only "when a bird nests where the heart should be." Considering the way Rotterdam abhors any unused space, that...
Angry Response. At the beginning of the war, writes Rumpf, bombing was carefully limited. Germany, it is true, stunned the world by bombing Warsaw and Rotterdam; but these raids were arguably part of a military attack. Hitler feared all-out air warfare because he lacked an effective long-range bomber. When Germany launched its great offensive through the Low Countries in 1940, Britain was the first to start bombing industrial targets. Not until five months after the first British raid, writes Rumpf, did Germany retaliate with the blitz of Britain...