Word: ruhr
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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With Shell Oil and Esso, West Germany's Thyssen steel interests two weeks ago formed a new company, Thyssengas A.G., to import Dutch gas by pipeline and expand its market in the industry-rich Ruhr by vigorous price cuts. In The Netherlands, the Gasunie marketing combine expects a complete changeover by household gas users to natural Groningen gas by the end of 1966. Because natural gas yields twice as much heat as manufactured gas-and thus requires less gas for the same task-most appliances must be scrapped or substantially modified in the process. One result: mountains of discarded...
...free world's steelmaking centers, from Britain's Midlands to the U.S.'s western Pennsylvania, cluster around their major sources of coal or iron ore. Over the last century, France and Germany fought three bloody wars partly motivated by the belief that joining the Ruhr coalfields to the ore of the Saar basin would give the victor economic hegemony over Europe. Today, the march of technology is revolutionizing the economics and geography of the world's most basic industry. From Tokyo to Naples, steelmen are moving to the sea, erecting new plants hundreds (and sometimes thousands...
...Europoort industrial complex. By converting 15 million tons a year of ore from West Africa, South America, Canada and Scandinavia into 5,000,000 tons of concentrated pellets and barging it to inland mills, the combine expects to cut 20% off the cost of ore delivered to Ruhr furnaces. To keep their markets, the Germans feel they must put competitive prices ahead of national pride; 51% of German steel is exported either as a commodity or in such products as machinery...
...drab coal-mining towns of the Ruhr and the Saar, the mood was as grey as the fall weather that lay over the countryside in a chill and foggy blanket. The roll of muffled drums echoed through the streets as thousands of miners and their families silently marched in protest, bearing black flags and signs pleading for government action to save their jobs. Their protest was too late. Last week the German coal industry announced plans to close down 36 mines that produce a quarter of West Germany's coal and employ more than 60,000 miners, fully...
Bonn imposed stiff excise taxes on fuel oil some time ago, and persuaded coal companies to close 37 mines and 122 coalpits by offering aid and incentive payments. Coal's decline has continued inexorably, and mountains of unsold coal have piled up throughout the Ruhr, the Saar and other coal-producing regions. Last week's mine closings were to meet the deadline for federal aid, since most of the mine owners-even some who are operating at a profit-see little hope for the future...