Word: ruhr
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More than half of Europe's coal was hauled up from the mine-shafts of the Ruhr before the war, and Germany dominated Europe as a result. The Big Three recognized this when they met at Potsdam in August, 1945 and planned to refuel the European industrial machine with German coal. Heavy industry no longer would threaten Europe under the Potsdam proposals, for Allied nations had first call on Ruhr coal and would receive in addition 1,557 factories in reparations. Germany was to receive food in return for the coal and could maintain a not-too-proud existence...
...nationalist Henry Cabot Lodge argued the merits of the League of Nations. Britain's Viscount Grey chose Foreign Affairs for his declaration on freedom of the seas during the London naval conference, and Foreign Minister Georges Bidault had recently argued France's case for control of the Ruhr...
...policy, as defined in the Marshall approach, is based on the premise that the U.S. stands ready to help Europe if Europe will help itself, i.e., get more coal out of British mines and the Ruhr, produce more steel in Germany, and generally bring the Continent back to economic health. But the crisis of August 1947 also proved that the U.S., which produces more goods than any other nation in the world, could not afford to let its friends slip into bankruptcy...
...sweating planners in the hothouse, U.S. Under Secretary of State Will Clayton, U.S. Ambassador to France Jefferson Caffery and U.S. Ambassador to Britain Lewis Douglas were in secret session with French Foreign Minister Bidault. Their object: to get Bidault's O.K. for raising the industrial output of the Ruhr. This week, in London, U.S. and British diplomats, meeting more publicly with the French, will try the same thing...
...Washington, U.S. and British experts were discussing ways & means of boosting Ruhr coal production. The Brit ish seemed willing to defer, in the interest of immediate full production, their plan to socialize the Ruhr. In return they wanted a reduction in their share of the occupation bill. Ruhr production cannot be boosted until the Ruhr gets more food, housing, mining equipment, freight cars and locomotives. The British, who have spent 11% of their U.S. loan on German occupation costs, want a better deal than the 50-50 agreement with the U.S. on the cost of running western Germany...