Word: ruled
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Democratic 86th Congress was almost two months away, but the trenches were already dug and the caissons were moving up for what could be a historic battle: in the first hours of the 86th, a now-or-never effort will be made to change the U.S. Senate's Rule XXII, which, in its present form, makes it all but impossible to cut off filibusters...
Because Senate rules have always been carried over from session to session, the attack on Rule XXII will come on the first day, soon after Vice President Richard Nixon has gaveled the Senate to order. Then, according to present strategy, New Mexico Democrat Clinton Anderson will move that the Senate take up for consideration adoption of the rules under which it operates...
Unlimited Debate? Defenders of Rule XXII will object on the ground that the Senate is a continuing body (because two-thirds of its membership holds over from Congress to Congress) with continuing rules. Vice President Nixon will advise, as he has before, that the would-be rules-changers are right. If Nixon is upheld by a simple Senate majority, the way will be open to adopting, again by simple majority, a new set of rules with Rule XXII the only one actually changed...
Twice before, in 1953 and 1957, Clint Anderson has led the same strategic attack on Rule XXII-and twice before, the effort has been defeated by a combination of Southerners and conservative Republicans dedicated to the principle of unlimited debate. But the 1958 elections added significantly to the ranks of Northern liberals, drastically reduced the power of the pro-Rule XXII bloc. As never before in the 41-year history of Rule XXII, its opponents sense victory...
Inevitable Changed? To assure victory, liberal leaders already are mustering their troops. Last week Republicans Jacob Javits of New York and Clifford Case of New Jersey were hard at work rounding up G.O.P. votes for the rules change. And from Democrats Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota and Paul Douglas of Illinois went a joint letter to 13 newly elected Democratic Senators. Rule XXII, said the letter, deprives newcomers of "the right to participate in making the rules under which they must operate." Damning the possible party consequences, the letter added: "No plea for an illusory 'party unity' which surrenders...