Word: ruler
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...twin events had promised to be the most important since the declaration of martial law on Dec. 13: a major speech by General Wojciech Jaruzelski, the country's ruler, and the first meeting of the party's 200-man Central Committee since the emergency began. Poles hoped that the general and the committee would give them some clear signals about the nation's future and perhaps even announce a recovery program for an economy that was growing weaker day by day. But the expectations came to nothing, and that in itself was significant. By doing so little...
...without it, most European culture up to about 1600 could fairly be called primitive. Above all, the word cannot mean crude or inarticulate. Few European medieval ivory carvings are as exquisitely realized, in detail and in the round, as the Met's ivory Bini mask of a Nigerian ruler; and the technical finesse of pre-Columbian gold ornaments, brought back by the conquistadors from South America, astonished Albrecht Dürer in the 16th century as much as it does us today...
...tale of the sect begins in 1549, when Jesuit Missionary Francis Xavier brought Roman Catholicism to Japan. The new creed soon gathered 300,000 followers, including most of the inhabitants of Ikitsuki, but its success also spelled its doom. Fearing the Christians' growth and foreign links, the warlord ruler Hideyoshi and later shogun mounted terror campaigns in which tens of thousands perished, often gruesomely. Christianity was all but stamped...
Polish patriotism has been closely bound up with religion ever since the baptism in 966 of the nation's first ruler, Prince Mieszko I. During occupation periods, the Catholic Church kept Polish language and culture alive and served as the main bastion of nationalism. After the 0 Communist takeover in 1945, the church provided a unique alternative to a "godless" Marxist regime. Going to Mass became not only a religious act but a quiet sign of rebellion against the state. Today, 75% to 80% of Poland's 36 million people are practicing Catholics. A deeply religious man, Walesa always wears...
Viola's successor, junta member and army commander-in-chief General Leopoldo Fortunate Galtieri, does not take office armed with much confidence from his fellow Argentines, who are deeply cynical about the ability of the generals to govern. Galtieri will be the third military ruler, after Jorge Rafael Videla and Viola, since the 1976 coup that overthrew the government of Isabelita Perón and resulted in a bloody campaign to rid the country of leftist terrorists. The down-to-earth Galtieri, 55, is said to be well-liked in Washington and is expected to move swiftly to restore...