Word: ruler
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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That's the problem. Though Pakistan's military ruler, President Pervez Musharraf, offered swift declarations of full intelligence sharing, some U.S. officials tell TIME they aren't sure which side the ISI is really on. The CIA and the Pentagon have long been split on ISI's reliability. Islamabad pleased the CIA by extraditing three key terrorists in recent years. But as TIME reported 18 months ago, a 1999 CIA plot to train 60 Pakistani commandos to snatch bin Laden went nowhere when the ISI dragged its feet. "They didn't do squat," says an American close to the operation...
...belt just south of Peshawar, Pashtun elders announced they had recruited 12,000 volunteers to fight a holy war if the U.S. sends in ground troops. One commander from an eastern Afghan province was recently in Peshawar exploring the monetary incentives on offer for a mutiny against his Taliban ruler in Kandahar. He was approached by one of his fighters: "Is it true American soldiers wear boots that cost 5,000 rupees [about $80] each? I could sell them in the bazaar." In the same province, recounted this commander, an old Afghan invested in a donkey and a lantern...
...trying to set up a new government in Afghanistan? Who should be the new ruler? Most strategists hope that the Taliban will be unseated by the current strikes - and many hope to make a powerful statement by returning the country?s banished former king Mohammed Zaher Shah to power. The 86-year old Shah has been living in Rome since he was deposed in 1973; it?s not clear whether he would be interested in taking up the throne again...
...ethnic leaders who came together in the 1980s to fight the Soviet occupation. They make an uneasy blend of minority ethnic groups--Tajik, Uzbek, Hazara--in a predominantly Pashtun country, and include Shi'ite Muslims, despised by the majority Sunnis. As soon as they brought down the Soviet puppet ruler, alliance leaders turned on one another and viciously fought in bloody civil strife. The cosmopolitan capital, once known for its beautiful gardens and monuments, was reduced to rubble by factional warfare and complete lawlessness. Territorial warlords who regularly changed sides and betrayed one another are remembered for their ruthlessness...
...Despite the risks, aid organizations expect Pakistan's military ruler General Pervez Musharraf to respond compassionately by opening the border gates?but only after any U.S. attacks begin. Once that happens, the Afghans will be allowed to stay in spartan camps just inside the frontier. Providing for them will be a formidable challenge. Already, officials from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) are scouting out locations within the tribal belt bordering Afghanistan. Pakistan's government estimates a need for about 100 new camps, each able to shelter 10,000 people. "Water is scarce," says UNHCR's spokesman Rupert...