Word: ruling
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Essene scrolls are closer in feeling and language to the Gospel of St. John than to any other part of the New Testament. And words that seem almost like a paraphrase of John's famous Prologue occur in the Rule of the Community: "And by His knowledge, everything has been brought into being. And everything that is, He established by His purpose; and apart from Him nothing is done." Professor William F. Albright of Johns Hopkins has pointed out that many phrases are duplicated in both, and in both the dualistic coupling of opposites recurs again and again - light...
...across the bristling boundary from the Jordanian Scrollers in the Israeli half of Jerusalem). Those first seven scrolls included, in addition to two versions of the book of Isaiah and a collection of apocryphal stories based on Genesis, four documents relating to the Dead Sea sect itself: 1) the Rule of the Community (also known as the Manual of Discipline); 2) a Commentary on Habakkuk, which indirectly reflects some of the sect's story because it treats the Old Testament book as prophecy concerning the Essenes' own history; 3) The War of the Sons of Light with...
...Essenes permitted marriage. The central cemetery seems to contain only male skeletons, but in smaller cemeteries adjoining it the remains of women and children have been found. It is possible that a secondary order of married Essenes grew up near the main community, or that the order relaxed its rule of celibacy at some time during its history (it is known from archaeological evidence that about 31 B.C., roughly coinciding with an earthquake, the Essenes left their desert community, did not return for more than 30 years...
...reign of Simon's son, John Hyrcanus (134 to 104 B.C.). Hyrcanus, according to the Jewish historian Josephus, was friendly to the anti-Hellenist Pharisees ("Separators") who clung to the old ways. Once Hyrcanus gave a dinner for their leaders, and after dinner invited their opinions on his rule, whereupon Eleazar bluntly told him he had no right to the High Priesthood. Promptly, John Hyrcanus switched his favor to the pro-Hellenistic Sadducees and the Pharisaic observances were forbidden. It is not hard to imagine, according to some scholars, that a strict-thinking band of Pharisees heard in outspoken...
What the Angels Sang. The men at the Scrollery do not rule out the possibility of new finds. They hope soon to study the contents of Cave II, are never sure that Kando the shoemaker will not walk in, carrying some new revelation in a cigarette box. In the meantime, the scrolls have opened a wide new door to the study of Christianity. For the people of Qumran and the early Christians shared the same Hebraic theological tradition as well as the same language - in an era for which Aramaic and Hebrew sources hardly exist...