Word: ruralization
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...stage of the second revolution can fulfill Deng's dream of hauling China out of its still desperate backwardness into the 20th century by the time the century ends is anyone's guess. It got off to a somewhat rocky start, and is encountering more opposition than the first, rural stage did. But if it should succeed, the transformation would have profound and enormous consequences throughout the world...
...most unlikely. The sufferings of party officials and intellectuals during the Cultural Revolution, the economic stagnation under Mao and the rapid growth achieved during the first stage of Deng's policy all argue against it, even to Chen and other conservatives. On the whole they approve of Deng's rural reforms...
Farmers are allowed, indeed encouraged, to build privately owned houses on their state-owned land. Roads all over rural China have been narrowed by piles of bricks dumped along the shoulders to be picked up by peasants who are erecting homes or even paying others to do it for them. Compared with the days of Mao, when many peasants were required to live in dormitories and eat in communal mess halls, the change in life-style alone is almost revolutionary...
Private enterprise began as a kind of offshoot of the agricultural reforms. Mao's "people's communes," for all their faults, at least guaranteed everyone in the rural economy a job of sorts. Deng and his lieutenants feared that breaking up the communes would cause masses of jobless peasants to descend on the cities, where there might be no work for them either. So beginning in the late 1970s, individual farmers and village collectives were permitted to start sideline businesses and keep any profits...
...long series of political and military assignments for the Communists, that carried him gradually, if not always smoothly, to higher ranks. His earliest misstep, resulting in a brief period out of favor, was to ally himself with a party faction that favored basing the drive to power on rural rather than urban insurrection, then a departure from orthodoxy. The leading advocate of that strategy was none other than Mao, who was working in another province at the time and therefore was spared the humiliation Deng suffered Deng was rehabilitated in time to join the Long March to northern Shaanxi province...