Word: rurals
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...rank and file of the Patriotic Front have been recruited mainly from rural Tribal Trust Lands, where 40% of the country's 7 million blacks, employed mostly as day laborers, are concentrated. Zimbabwe Rhodesia's biggest black groups are the Shona, who form some 80% of the population, and Ndebele, who make up about 15% (whites constitute 3%). Like its leader Robert Mugabe, the bulk of the Mozambique-based Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) are Shona. The Zambia-based Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) is dominated by Ndebele, like Leader Joshua Nkomo...
...costly as gin, before the quest for "alternate energy sources" became the moral equivalent of war and before he started writing this week's cover story on "The Cooling of America," TIME Contributor Jack Skow bought his first woodburning stove. A city boy who now lives in rural New London, N.H. (pop. 2,943), Skow offers a modest explanation for his extraordinary foresight. "I was one of the first in town to get a wood stove, in 1973, because I went broke from electric heating bills." Since then, Skow has spent much of his autumn harvesting hardwood...
...heating power of $135.90 worth of 90¢ oil. He lops an arbitrary $25.90 from the cordwood figure to allow for the fuss and muss of wood, and arrives at a break-even point of $110 a cord for wood-burners. Dry firewood sells for $80 to $90 in rural New England, for $90 in the Middle West, hovers between $150 and $200 near the big East Coast cities, and has climbed to $225 in Manhattan. (Artificial logs made of sawdust and paraffin, and sold at most supermarkets, can be dangerous if used in woodburning stoves, and are no great bargain...
Instead, some nations are returning to preindustrial methods. Over the past few months, the price of tractors in rural Thailand has fallen 20% as fuel has become scarce and expensive. Prices of water buffaloes, which do not consume diesel fuel but do produce free fertilizer, have soared. Some Thai officials are rather relieved that their bureaucratic bungling has stalled the pace of industrialization. Says one official: "If we had been more successful, Thailand would be in much bigger trouble today...
From their printing shop in Lower Manhattan, Nathaniel Currier and James Merritt Ives taught 19th century America to see itself. Their lithographs re-created urban and rural growth, disasters, the opening of the West and a vast anthology of occupations and pastimes. The Great Book of Currier & Ives' America by Walton Rawls (Abbeville Press; 488 pages; $85) is ponderous to heft but impossible to put down. Author Rawls' text is a lively history of these remarkable illustrators, their entrepreneurial triumphs and their battles with an alarming new enemy, the photograph. Better still are the more than 400 illustrations...