Word: russia
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Despite its shortcomings, the trial, with its nightly televised segments, was an improvement on the secretive ways of China in the past-and on other Communist show trials, such as those in Stalin's Russia, when charges were trumped up and "enemies of the people" taken out and shot. An old Chinese adage has been revived, and revised, by the Gang of Four trial: the winner becomes king, the loser a bandit. In China these days the loser becomes a counterrevolutionary. At least this time the losers are a group that most people are glad to see well...
...work after his death in a concentration camp in 1938, making possible the 1974 publication of a small selection of his poetry in the Soviet Union; of heart disease; in Moscow. Her own memoirs, Hope Against Hope (1970) and Hope Abandoned (1974), powerful chronicles of life in Stalinist Russia, had to be smuggled out of the U.S.S.R. to be published...
...second child of four in a Russian Jewish family, landowners who lived near Kiev. Her father, Isaac Berliawsky, took off for the New World in 1903 and fetched up in Rockland, Me., where he began to establish himself in real estate and lumber. Left with her grandparents in Russia, the three-year-old Louise convinced herself that her father had abandoned her, and she refused to utter a single word for six months. But in 1905 passage money came, and the Berliawsky family took ship for America. At a quarantine depot in Liverpool, Louise had the first visual experience...
These students were not the only American Uspensky met. In the fall of 1959, the New York Philharmonic, under Leonard Bernstein, came to Russia for the American Exhibition in Moscow. A cousin of Bernstein's knew Uspensky and when the conductor mentioned that he wanted to meet someone not connected with officialdom, a meeting between the two men was arranged. During their discussions, Uspensky spoke freely about the place of art and literature in Soviet society and about other things which the Soviet government did not wish known. Ironically, a KGB official repeated these conversations to Uspensky nearly verbatim...
...dictionary eventually led to Uspensky's flight from Russia. His involvement in the dissident movement was accompanied by an ever-increasing danger--to both himself and his work. The KGB summoned Uspensky as an eyewitness when his friends were arrested, bugged his flat and searched his apartment, going through his card file and scattering his notes. A month before Uspensky left the Soviet Union, a group of thugs attacked him. "They were apparently drunk hoodlums, but I could tell they were working for the KGB," Uspensky says, explaining, "They were too well informed, They called me an anti-Soviet...