Word: ruthenia
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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After Munich, Ruthenia, easternmost district of Czecho-Slovakia, now called the Carpatho-Ukraine, became an "autonomous" region with only loose connections with Prague but with very definite though unofficial links with Berlin. Mountainous and largely barren, the Carpatho-Ukraine was obviously expected to produce for Germany political rather than economic results. The Nazis' Ukrainian blueprints nominated it as the generating centre for a movement to "liberate" all Ukrainians from their present Polish, Rumanian and Russian masters and bring them under the benevolent protection of Führer Hitler...
Last week 4,000 Nazi soldiers were reported to have made their way across Czecho-Slovakia to Ruthenia, a plain warning by Führer Hitler that Nazi Germany will tolerate no impulses by neighboring Hungary and Poland to invade the Carpatho-Ukraine and establish a common frontier. Ukrainian broadcasts are sent daily from Germany. These broadcasts and the Nazi press in Germany incessantly campaign for "Freedom for the Ukraine...
...centre is Prague, where White Russian Cossack General P. C. Popov operates. He has recently visited Belgrade, Budapest and Sofia, rounding up old "patriots" for service in the coming Ukrainian campaign. Significant it is that many White Russians of known anti-Communist leanings have found good "jobs" in "poor" Ruthenia...
Borderland. The Ukrainian districts of Eastern Europe constitute a huge hunk of southeastern Poland (Galicia), a narrow slice of northern Rumania (northern Bessarabia), the eastern tip of Czecho-Slovakia (Ruthenia) and the most fertile and second most populous of the eleven major constituent states of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Ukrainian S.S.R.). No great loss would it be for Czechoslovakia to lose undeveloped Ruthenia, with only 550,000 inhabitants, to a Hitler-inspired "Greater Ukraine." Rumania also could well survive after her Ukrainian districts, with 800,000 inhabitants, had been detached. For Poland, however, the loss of eastern Galicia...
...Chust, Ruthenia's capital, a German mission arrived recently to form a "Ukrainian Free Corps" on the order of the Austrian Free Corps before Fuhrer Hitler absorbed Austria, and the Sudeten Free Corps before the Sudetenland was "freed." The corps's job will doubtless be 1) to undermine the civil authority of Poland, Rumania and the Soviet Union in Ukrainian districts, 2) to work up a separatist movement, 3) to create incidents which will eventually make "necessary" Ruthenia's-i.e., Nazi Germany's-intervention to restore "law and order," and liberate Ukrainian kinsfolk...