Word: ryles
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...week when the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the 1974 Nobel Prizes for Chemistry and Physics. It gave the chemistry award to Professor Paul J. Flory, 64, of Stanford University, for his studies of macromole-cules, or large molecules. The physics prize was awarded jointly to Professors Martin Ryle, 56, and Antony Hewish, 50, both of England's Cambridge University, for their accomplishments in the field of radio astronomy...
Little Green Men. The contributions of Ryle and Hewish, the first radio astronomers to win the Nobel Prize, are equally significant. Unlike astronomers who view the visible light from celestial objects through optical telescopes, they observe the invisible, longer wave lengths of energy given off by stars, galaxies and other heavenly bodies. To detect these so-called radio frequencies, they use radio telescopes-giant antennas that focus the incoming waves much as optical telescopes focus light waves...
...overcome this problem Ryle, who was knighted in 1966 and named England's Astronomer Royal in 1972, conceived of simultaneously using several small and widely spaced radio telescopes only 10 yds. in diameter and zeroing all of them in on a celestial object...
...result of his efforts, astronomers can now clearly "see" in radio frequencies objects that are billions of light-years*- away, a feat that the Royal Academy equated to seeing a postage stamp on the moon with an optical telescope. Using Ryle's techniques, radio astronomers are extending their investigations to the very edge of the observable universe. Their findings are bringing man closer to an understanding of how the universe began and how it is evolving...
Scientists are generally skeptical about Lunan's fantastic scenario. Says British Radio Astronomer Sir Martin Ryle: "Lunan gave no evidence, only beliefs." M.I.T. Physicist Philip Morrison, who believes in the possibility of extraterrestrial life, adds: "Chances are nine in ten the whole story is a hoax." Astronomer Bracewell himself doubts that the echoes were deliberate; he suspects that they were caused by a still-undiscovered natural effect in the atmosphere. Fanciful or not, Lunan's theory is not being dismissed altogether. At the London meeting, a leading British computer expert, Anthony Lawton, announced that Lunan's theory...