Word: sabin
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...race to develop a vaccine against poliomyelitis, two rivals were front-runners : the University of Pittsburgh's Dr. Jonas E. Salk (TIME, March 29, 1954) and the University of Cincinnati's Dr. Albert B. Sabin. Dr. Salk won with a vaccine made of virus that is at first virulent (capable of causing severe disease) but is then killed with formaldehyde. This vaccine has to be injected in three spaced doses...
Last week Dr. Sabin (TIME, May 23, 1955) announced that he was ready to start wider-scale field trials with a vaccine that is in almost every respect the opposite to Salk's. It is made from "attenuated" virus-particles incapable of producing paralysis but strong enough to stimulate immunizing antibodies. This virus is used live. It is given by mouth in a single dose. Dr. Sabin has already tried it on 130 prisoner-volunteers, needs thousands of subjects for fuller proof of its safety and efficacy...
Cincinnati's respected Dr. Albert Sabin (TIME, May 23), long the foremost critic of vaccines made (like Salk's) of inactivated virus, urged that both production and inoculation be stopped until the vaccine can be made consistently safe.* He was supported by men of impressive professional caliber: Nobel Prizewinner John F. Enders of Boston's Children's Medical Center and Dr. William McD. Hammon, an epidemiologist who rubs elbows with Dr. Salk at the University of Pittsburgh...
...Stung by Dr. Sabin's attack, Foundation President Basil O'Connor snapped: "Old stuff." The Cincinnati researcher, he tartly recalled, has received $853,314.71 in grants from the foundation, which will continue to support...
Cincinnati's Dr. Albert Sabin, outspoken champion of a live-virus vaccine (TIME, May 23), suggested that all three paralysis-causing strains used in the Salk preparation be thrown out. In their place he would put nonvirulent strains, which may be found in nature or "bred" selectively in the laboratory. Knowing that his audience was far from ready to accept live viruses, Dr. Sabin cannily reminded them that these too could be treated with formaldehyde. This would give double protection, and a Swedish researcher is working on such a vaccine right...