Word: sabin
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Leaders in perfecting live vaccines against polio have been the University of Cincinnati's Dr. Albert B. Sabin (TIME, May 23, 1955), and Dr. Hilary Koprowski. who began the work at Lederle Laboratories, then switched to Philadelphia's Wistar Institute. Dr. Sabin revisited his native Russia in 1956 to report on his early tests, so impressed Soviet medical men that they went to his Cincinnati labs for vaccine samples...
Chumakov began brewing Sabin-type vaccine at the Institute for the Study of Poliomyelitis, a rambling frame building among the railroad yards on Moscow's outskirts. Last week he was readying the world's biggest test of live polio vaccine, had 300 liters on ice-enough for 10 million people. No small operators, Chumakov and colleagues dreamed of immunizing all the Soviet Union's 200 million people regardless of age (600 million doses, since vaccine for one strain of each of polio's three main virus types is given in separate swigs, a month apart). Satellite...
...Sabin-type vaccine got a different type of test in Singapore when it was hit by a polio epidemic last August. British-trained Professor James Hale decided to work with Sabin's Type II vaccine. All the polio occurring was of Type I. If any Type II disease showed up, it would be almost certainly due to faulty vaccine. But while Type II vaccine is supposed to give 100% protection only against Type II disease, it is claimed to give about 60% protection against Type I also. As hoped, Type I disease began to decline sharply...
Even with the aid of the public-address system, soft-spoken Researcher Enders was scarcely audible at last week's meeting. But when he had finished, Cincinnati's Dr. Albert Sabin yelled: "John. youVe done it again!" The assembled virologists broke ranks, stood and cheered...
...Needles. Proponents of a live but attenuated virus, in a vaccine made to be taken by mouth, predicted a swing to their method. Cincinnati's Dr. Albert Sabin (TIME, Oct. 15) suggested that his method might be the answer for poor countries whose people cannot afford three Salk shots at $1 each, or where migrant populations cannot be brought together three times at the right intervals...