Word: sabin
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...Salk with a joint resolution of the Senate and House expressing the nation's gratitude. The U.S. Public Health Service's Surgeon General, Dr. Luther Terry, called the virtual stamping-out of polio by the Salk vaccine and the live-virus polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Albert Sabin and approved in 1961, "a historical triumph of preventive medicine-unparalleled in history...
...noteworthy rise from "humble beginnings"; Federal Judge Thurgood Marshall, 55, who successfully argued against segregated schools before the U.S. Supreme Court ten years ago, granted the N.A.A.C.P.s Liberty Bell Award; Physiologist Wallace Fenn, 70, who demonstrated loss of muscular tension with in creasing speed of contraction, and Dr. Albert Sabin, 57, who developed the oral polio vaccine, both recipients of $40,000 Antonio Feltrinelli awards presented by the Lincei National Academy, Italy's leading arts and sciences institute...
Doctors as well as parents are likely to be as confused about which measles vac cine to use as they are over Salk and Sabin polio vaccines. PHS licensed Merck Sharp & Dohme to distribute a live but attenuated vaccine, like the one developed by Dr. John F. Enders (TIME cover, Nov. 17, 1961) at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston. It is immediately available and is highly effective. But in many children, it causes some fever and a rash, so many pediatricians will simultaneously give the child a shot of gamma globulin in the opposite arm. This lowers...
...Sabin live virus is taken orally, mixed with a syrup, on a sugar cube, or in a bonbon. Within one day it multiplies in the intestines, preventing the entry of the natural virus and protecting against non-paralytic polio, neither of which the Salk vaccine can do. Although one does of oral vaccine immunizes indefinitely against any one type of virus, three doses are needed for Types I, II, and III. The live virus, while too weak to attack the nerve tissue or produce symptoms of disease, causes the human host to produce the necessary antibodies. Furthermore, the virus retains...
...this means that Sabin vaccine costs little, is easy to administer, immunizes swiftly, protects thoroughly, and provides "hear-immunity." It is for these reasons that Brazil changed from Salk to Sabin vaccine when the U.S. made the latter available. For these reasons the Soviet Union orally inoculated over 90 million people before the United States even licensed the vaccine. Ceylon, Japan, Czechoslovakia, and other nations have bought vaccines from both the U.S. and the U.S.S.R., and as Dr. Sabin testified before Congress, the "live" vs. "dead" dispute "has entered into the field of competition for favor in uncommitted nations...