Word: sacramentalism
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Lutheran participants urged their own churches to acknowledge Roman Catholic validity. Member churches, they suggested, should "declare formally" that Catholic clergy "are engaged in a valid ministry of the Gospel" and that "the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ are truly present in their celebrations of the sacrament of the altar...
...body to announce that it would ordain women ministers. Late last week the moderate American Lutheran Church, at its own convention in Texas, did likewise. Indeed, the World Council of Churches recently reported that 70 denominations around the world have admitted women to the full ministry of "Word and Sacrament"-allowing them both to preach and preside over Communion services...
...Roman Catholic Church holds that marriage between Christians is more than a social institution or a physical bond. In its view, it is a sacrament: a spiritual union that bestows supernatural gifts on the marriage partners. Moreover, it is indissoluble. As Jesus Christ told the Pharisees, "What God has joined together, let no man put asunder." Divorce, the church concludes, is an evil: civil divorce, but not remarriage, is permitted only to those Catholics who have been allowed to live apart by ecclesiastical courts. For a Catholic who wants to remarry and remain in the church, the only escape from...
Body and Blood. For the past four centuries, Catholic doctrine has depended heavily on the decrees of the Council of Trent, which in the mid-16th century sought to answer the challenge of Protestant reformers by carefully defining-among other issues-the priesthood, the episcopacy, and the seven sacraments recognized by the church. The bishops and theologians at Trent concentrated on a concept of the priest as a man officially set apart to offer sacrifice and on a definition of the Eucharistic celebration-the core of the Catholic Mass-as the same sacrifice, in a different manner, as Christ...
...Protestant reformers radically reinterpreted these doctrines. Both Martin Luther and John Calvin explained the "real presence" of Christ in the Eucharist in different ways. Other reformers declared that the sacrament was merely a commemorative act recalling the Last Supper. In preaching the "priesthood of all believers," Luther acknowledged the need of ministers to preach the Gospel, but nearly all Continental Protestants rejected the necessity of bishops and the notion of holy orders as a sacrament...