Word: safes
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...case was set by one Malkiel Gruenwald, an aging Hungarian Jew who saw 52 members of his family go to the gas chambers of Auschwitz. Safe in Israel after the war, Gruenwald brooded. Why had none of the 500,000 slaughtered Hungarian Jews had any warning of their fate? With warning, Jews in Poland had had a chance to die fighting, and some had succeeded in escaping. But Hungary's Jews had gone docilely to their deaths, innocently sure they were merely being sent to labor camps. Gruenwald pored through old records, questioned other survivors, four years ago published...
...experts had just pronounced the Salk anti-polio vaccine both safe and effective. Three years ago, University of California Psychologist Robert M. Gottsdanker was delighted when he succeeded in getting one of the first shots for daughter Anne Elizabeth," 5. Equally happy was Engineer Charles Phipps of Monrovia (near Los Angeles), who got a shot for his son James Randall, 15 months...
...reams of technical testimony to help them decide: Was the children's polio caused by the vaccine? Was there live virus in the vaccine? If so, was Cutter negligent in letting it get through? Was there, with every ampoule of vaccine, an "implied warranty" that the preparation was safe? On their answers hung suits for $300,000 by the Gottsdankers, $65,000 by the Phippses...
...Torts") Belli (pronounced bell-eye). Though Dr. Salk expressed no overt criticism of Cutter, if the jury believed him it had to conclude that something went wrong at Cutter. For Salk stuck doggedly to his view that the killing of polio virus with formaldehyde solution to make a safe vaccine is a "first-order reaction" and that its progress and its end point (when there should be not a single particle of live virus left) can be predicted and plotted with a straight-line graph on logarithmic paper...
...first few days can be measured; after that, there is so little left alive that it may not be detectable. But, he insisted, it goes on getting killed at the same proportionate rate. Practical results in his own laboratory have proved his theory, said Dr. Salk; he can produce safe vaccine with no live virus every time. So could other manufacturers at the time of the Cutter incident. He doubted that some of the tougher testing requirements later imposed by P.H.S. were necessary...