Word: sagan
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Turco, O.B. Toon, T.P. Ackerman, J.B. Pollack and Carl Sagan in a study entitled "Nuclear Winter Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions" (and referred to as TTAPS after the authors names), examine a previously ignored effect of nuclear detonations: the creation of dust and soot that can float in the middle and upper atmosphere for years. Isolated detonations the only kind we have witnessed in our experience with nuclear weapons to date do not generate enough dust and soot to create any long term atmospheric changes. But any nuclear war between the superpowers is likely to involve thousands of warheads...
...always, growing in intensity throughout the year, came the horrifying pictures of the apocalypse that war in the nuclear age would mean. Astronomer Carl Sagan and Biologist Paul Ehrlich warned a sober scientific
...whole human race. When ABC summoned a panel to explain what its film actually meant, most of the experts claimed that it supported their own differing views. Just as Secretary of State George Shultz argued that The Day After should inspire Americans to rally around President Reagan, Astronomer Carl Sagan foresaw real danger of all life being extinguished in a state of freezing darkness. There was Robert McNamara arguing that the number of missiles must be reduced, and there was Kissinger explaining the need for tough strategic thinking. The only panelist who laid no claim to being an expert...
...study is actually two efforts, by cooperating groups of scientists, one headed by Cornell Astronomer and TV Personality Carl Sagan and the other by Stanford Biologist Paul Ehrlich. They presented their findings at the two-day Conference on the Longterm, Worldwide Biological Consequences of Nuclear War. It was attended by some 600 American and foreign scientists and environmentalists and addressed by satellite by four Soviet counterparts in Moscow. Among them: Evgeni Velikhov, vice president of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. The Soviets said they had independently come to roughly the same conclusions as the Sagan-Ehrlich teams...
...Sagan and Ehrlich picked as their "baseline case" a 5,000 megaton war. (One megaton equals 1 million tons of TNT; the explosive power of all strategic nuclear warheads possessed by the U.S. and Soviet Union is thought to total 12,000 megatons.) The results of such a war: a cloud of dust and smoke weighing 1.2 billion tons rapidly envelops the Northern Hemisphere and swiftly swirls into the Southern Hemisphere as well, blocking out 90% or more of the sun's light. Surface temperatures plunge to an average of -13° F and remain below freezing for three...