Word: said
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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What worries U.S. visitors more than the specific achievements of Russian science is its momentum. The best young people flock into science-not only the dedicated students but also ambitious young men merely in search of success and status. "This is not surprising," said a Harvard professor. "There is no private business that they might enter. The practice of law cannot be very appealing. What remains but science? In science a man can have an attractive living standard, and he does not have to commit himself politically...
...that the economy is growing faster than it really is when prices are rising, the C.E.D. plotted the gross national product back to 1909 in terms of a "constant dollar" based on the value of the dollar in 1954, when it was considered comparatively stable. Only in this way, said C.E.D., is it possible to "answer such questions as whether our general growth rate has recently been higher, or lower, or about the same as in the past." The C.E.D.'s basic findings...
...gain was due to harder work or more capital and machines. C.E.D., venturing in, divided the real G.N.P. by the total production force, computed a 1929-57 productivity trend line showing an average 1.6% rise. The difference between a 1.3% labor-force rise and a 1.6% productivity rise, said C.E.D., produced "well over half of the growth in production in recent decades." In 1959 output per man is 60% greater than in 1929 despite shorter hours...
Disposable Income. After allowing for prices and higher taxes, has real income kept pace with productivity? Yes, said C.E.D. Using its 1954 constant-dollar test, and allowing for steeper taxes, C.E.D. found that from 1929 to 1957 per capita disposable income also rose 1.6% a year. Since 1947, the rise has been almost 2% and gave the average U.S. citizen in mid-1959 a real income 26% higher than in 1947 and 60% higher than...
...annually by offering customers 2,000 items at prices 15% below small stores. One big gainer from the new supermarkets: the Italian government, which levies a 26.85% annual tax on supermarket income v. only 14% charged smaller dealers. What is more, the supermarkets pay up, which cannot be said of many small-store owners who stanchly maintain a tax-dodging tradition...