Word: sakharovs
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...many Western observers, the recent campaign of criticism directed against Soviet Physicist Andrei Sakharov appeared to be a prologue to his arrest or exile. Last week, though, a massive wave of protest in the U.S. and Europe dampened−at least temporarily−the Kremlin's wrath against the great scientist. Soviet threats that Sakharov might be brought to trial for his bold criticism of totalitarian conditions in the U.S.S.R. and the increasing repression of dissidents (TIME, Sept. 17) moved Western chiefs of state, foreign ministers, and scientists to public indignation. Their words carried a grave undertone of menace...
...West Germany, the father of Ostpolitik, Chancellor Willy Brandt, expressed his "solidarity" with Sakharov and other dissidents "endangered because of their convictions." In ordinarily neutral Austria, Chancellor Bruno Kreisky called for a "democratic counterweight" to protect Russian libertarians like Sakharov. From Russia came a spirited defense of Sakharov by Author Alexander Solzhenitsyn, who has been the target of Soviet vituperation since he won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1970. Last week he nominated Sakharov for the Nobel Prize for peace...
...Sakharov case hardened congressional opposition to granting the Soviets the most-favored-nation status that is necessary for the expansion of trade. The MFN bill faces a tough battle in the House Ways and Means Committee. Last week Representative Wilbur Mills, the chairman of the committee, said: "I cannot see the U.S. expanding commercial markets with the Soviet Union if the price is to be paid in the martyrdom of men of genius like Solzhenitsyn and Sakharov." Even Secretary of State Designate Henry Kissinger pronounced himself personally "disappointed" and "dismayed" by Soviet repression. At the same time, he reiterated...
...week's end, that view was challenged by Sakharov himself. In an extraordinary open letter to Congress, he urged passage of an amendment proposed by Senator Henry M. Jackson that would make MFN status for Russia contingent upon free emigration. Sakharov argued that the amendment should be a "minimum" condition for detente; if it is not passed, he added, the result will be "a strengthening of repression on ideological grounds...
Speaking of East-West détente at a Moscow press conference last month, Sakharov warned that "rapprochement without democratization is very dangerous. It might lead to very grave consequences inside our country and contaminate the whole world with an antidemocratic character." This was strong criticism indeed of Party Secretary Leonid Brezhnev's policy of seeking economic cooperation abroad while putting down dissent at home. Sakharov compounded his offense by recommending one action that the U.S. Congress could take to open Soviet doors -adopting the Jackson Amendment, which would bar most-favored-nation economic status to countries restricting emigration...