Word: sakharovs
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...visitor was Andrei Sakharov, spiritual leader of Russia's dissident movement (TIME cover story, Feb. 21). Though stripped of all his scientific posts, and harassed constantly by the KGB, he has retained certain privileges, among them, oddly enough, the use of a chauffeured limousine...
...special mission that brought Sakharov to the embassy. As he jubilantly explained to 17 Western journalists who jammed his little flat later, Sakharov had been handed a letter from Jimmy Carter, pledging continued commitment to human rights in the U.S. and abroad. "We shall use our good offices to seek the release of prisoners of conscience," wrote Carter, and "we will continue our efforts to shape a world responsive to human aspirations...
...letter, written Feb. 5, inexplicably was delivered twelve days later. Thus it predated the President's public critique of the Soviets for having jailed Dissident Alexander Ginzburg, which triggered the Kremlin's fury. Once again, the Russian response came swiftly. Hours after Sakharov's announcement, Soviet Ambassador Anatoli Dobrynin called on Acting U.S. Secretary of State Arthur Hartman in Washington and declared that the Kremlin "resolutely" rejected "attempts to interfere in its internal affairs." The Soviet leaders were furious that a U.S. President had made direct contact with their most eloquent critic; Sakharov himself further provoked their...
...Moscow physics teacher and textbook author, Sakharov recalls his early family life as "cultured and close." From childhood, he says, "I lived in an atmosphere of decency, mutual help and tact, a liking for work and respect for the mastery of one's chosen profession." Young Andrei lost no time in mastering his: by 1942, having graduated with honors in physics from Moscow State University, he went to work in the war industry. After World War II, he studied with the theoretical physicist (and later Nobel laureate) Igor. Tamm. Soon he was at work on the Kremlin...
...Sakharov's top-secret assignment also included research on industrial uses for thermonuclear energy with Mentor Tamm. There was little life but science-and the mandatory state "supervision" that went with it. For all of the 18 years (1950-68) that he held his top-level security clearance, Sakharov was never without the shadow of a bodyguard, even when he slept or went swimming. There were, however, compensations. He won the Stalin Prize and was thrice awarded the country's highest civilian medal, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. He was the youngest member ever elected...