Word: salazar
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Nehru has been trying to get Portugal to pull out of Goa (pop. 700,000) since the British withdrew from India in 1947* Unlike France, which reluctantly quit its last Indian possessions in 1954, Portugal's Strongman Antonio de Oliveira Salazar insists that the 451-year-old colony, like his country's other overseas possessions, is a Portuguese "province." After breaking off diplomatic relations with the Portuguese in 1955, Nehru declared loftily: "History will remove them...
...While Salazar's regime is benevolent compared to the Nazis or Fascists at their worst, the government nevertheless arrested many prominent opponents before the start of Salazar's 30-day campaign period. A dozen more were jailed for signing the opposition's manifesto. Though candidates could be nominated only by petitions signed by 20 local electors, many opponents of the regime found that their backers had mysteriously been disqualified. None were allowed access to electoral rolls; election officials told monarchist candidates that their nomination papers had been filed "one minute too late." Only 59 opposition candidates managed...
...condemned slum tenement (rent: $400 for 30 days). Posing as sympathizers, secret police tried to worm their way into the organization; one was spotted and nearly lynched. Censors either suppressed candidates' statements, delayed them until the government had its reply ready, or simply doctored them to suit Salazar. The Roman Catholic hierarchy, which has had its differences with Salazar, published a message cautioning Catholics not to vote for "Communists or their allies"-the label Salazar pins on all his opponents -but took pains nonetheless to dissociate the church from "the methods of totalitarian government...
Despite increased support from many Portuguese who approve Salazar's ruthless suppression of the Angola revolt, the regime's unpopularity showed itself in the crowds that queued for admission to opposition meetings and showered even the most pedestrian speakers with wild applause. Under the dour eyes of police at Lisbon's dingy old Republican Center last week, they chorused "Down with fascism" as candidates denounced government "terrorism" in Africa, Portugal's "medieval" police state and meager living standards (per capita income: less than $200 a year). Said one opposition leader: "We are being forced to live...
Rather than give Salazar the satisfaction of gloating over a rigged "victory." the opposition dramatically withdrew from the contest five days before this week's scheduled elections, calling on Portugal's 2,250,000 voters to boycott the polls. The government immediately banned all further news of the opposition on the theory that "it no longer exists." Though many opposition leaders faced jail sentences for their part in the campaign, few felt it had been in vain. Said one: "We opened a very small window to show the world the lies and treachery that surround...