Word: salazarism
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...long period, the country grew accustomed to being governed by a man of genius, but from now on it must adapt itself to being governed by men like other men." With those words, Marcello Caetano, a longtime associate of Portuguese Dictator Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, last week became Premier of Portugal, ending 36 years of Salazar rule...
Even as the new Premier was sworn in, Salazar, the victim of a massive stroke, clung to life. But the 79-year-old dictator had been in a coma for ten days, and his doctors had informed President Americo Deus Rodrigues Tomás that he would never recover sufficiently to resume office. Faced with a serious drift in government affairs and rumors that the military might step in, Tomás finally called on Caetano to form a government...
Portugal is Western Europe's poorest nation. Its population numbers under 9,000,000, and its natural resources are scant. Before Salazar came to power, the land was in chronic economic chaos and political disarray: in 161 years it had had 45 governments, some lasting only days. As Premier after 1932, Salazar squashed partisan quarreling with dictatorial measures and brought order to the economy by applying conservative, pre-Keynesian fiscal policies. By the late 1930s, he was flirting openly with fascism. He backed Franco against the Spanish Republicans. While Portugal remained neutral in World War II, Salazar at first...
Unlikely Role. Though Salazar has accumulated an impressive $1.2 billion in gold and foreign-exchange reserves, the cost has been excessive. The annual rate of economic growth is only 3%, industry is stagnant and the country's infrastructure is outdated. Per capita income is $400 a year, the illiteracy rate 40%. Though the economy is underdeveloped, Salazar has clung grimly to an increasingly costly empire; its colonies extend as far as Macao on the Chinese coast and Portuguese Timor in the East Indies. Tiny Portugal is cast in the unlikely role of Africa's last major colonial power...
...continually since 1926. The secret police, P.I.D.E., have banned books by such seemingly noncontroversial writers as Will Durant and Paul Claudel. Political opponents of the regime are regularly put into preventive detention for up to six months. The P.I.D.E. jailed Mario Scares, a lawyer and leading critic of the Salazar regime, a total of 13 times before exiling him without trial last March to the tiny island of Sao Tome in the Gulf of Guinea. The number of legal emigrants and clandestinos voting against Salazar with their feet rose dramatically from 34,000 in 1961 to some...