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Biologists offer this analogy as an explanation: if the genome is the hardware, then the epigenome is the software. "I can load Windows, if I want, on my Mac," says Joseph Ecker, a Salk Institute biologist and leading epigenetic scientist. "You're going to have the same chip in there, the same genome, but different software. And the outcome is a different cell type...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Why Your DNA Isn't Your Destiny | 1/6/2010 | See Source »

This past October, the NIH grant started to pay off. Scientists working jointly at a fledgling, largely Internet-based effort called the San Diego Epigenome Center announced with colleagues from the Salk Institute - the massive La Jolla, Calif., think tank founded by the man who discovered the polio vaccine - that they had produced "the first detailed map of the human epigenome...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Why Your DNA Isn't Your Destiny | 1/6/2010 | See Source »

...grandiose. In fact, the scientists had mapped only a certain portion of the epigenomes of two cell types (an embryonic stem cell and another basic cell called a fibroblast). There are at least 210 cell types in the human body - and possibly far more, according to Ecker, the Salk biologist, who worked on the epigenome maps. Each of the 210 cell types is likely to have a different epigenome. That's why Ecker calls the $190 million grant from NIH "peanuts" compared with the probable end cost of figuring out what all the epigenetic marks are and how they work...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Why Your DNA Isn't Your Destiny | 1/6/2010 | See Source »

...very often," she said. "I see hep B--vaccine side effects. Which is multiple sclerosis. I respond to what I see." She added that she doesn't worry about improbable scenarios like infected children biting each other, saying simply, "I don't go there." I do not believe Jonas Salk ever told a questioner to talk to his hand. At the break, we left and got the largest, least organic burgers we could find. I didn't see anyone dying of heart failure, so I responded by getting the onion rings and fries...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: To Vaccinate or Not To Vaccinate | 9/28/2009 | See Source »

...truck. For one, it doesn't play annoying, repetitive jingles. It is a tricked-out former postal wagon with a Barbie-pink custom roof, shiny wheel rims (acquired at an auto-body shop in East L.A.) and lots of photos of famous buildings, including Louis Kahn's concrete-heavy Salk Institute in nearby San Diego. The menu, naturally, is totally architectural: a rotating selection of made-to-order ice cream sandwiches in flavors such as Mintimalism, Louis Kahntaloupe and Frank Behry (in honor of the architect who designed the city's luminous Walt Disney Concert Hall). (Read about Frank Gehry...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: A Cool Way to Make Architecture Pay: Ice Cream! | 8/12/2009 | See Source »

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