Word: salk
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...past few years, some parents and their pediatricians have waged a grass-roots effort to change the way 4 million U.S. children are vaccinated each year. Their struggle has reawakened a 40-year-old scientific argument between two giants of preventive medicine: Dr. Albert Sabin and Dr. Jonas Salk. Last week the parents' campaign reached the highest levels of health policymaking when a CDC panel voted on whether to change U.S. policy...
...panel faced a difficult dilemma. For 30 years, doctors have had a choice between two competing polio vaccines. The first, pioneered by Salk, is made from viruses that have been inactivated or "killed." It protects those who are vaccinated but does not stop them from harboring live viruses in their intestines. Should they encounter polio "in the wild," they could become silent carriers and pass the pathogen on to others who have not been inoculated. If polio were to break out--as it did in the U.S. in the '50s, and as it has right now in parts of India...
...adventure novels written under the name John Lange, one was an Edgar Award-winning medical-detective paperback under the name Jeffrey Hudson, and another was the hardcover breakthrough under his own name, The Andromeda Strain, which was published as he worked out a one-year postdoctoral fellowship at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. He says he produced 10,000 words a day during those years, and no one who knows his work habits disputes...
...there is no shortage of competing theories about how consciousness might arise. One, offered by the Salk Institute's Francis Crick (co-discoverer of the structure of DNA) and Christof Koch, at the California Institute of Technology, is that consciousness is somehow a by-product of the simultaneous, high-frequency firing of neurons in different parts of the brain. It's the meshing of these frequencies that generates consciousness, according to Crick and Koch, just as the tones from individual instruments produce the rich, complex and seamless sound of a symphony orchestra. The concept is highly speculative, Crick acknowledges...
...greatest pleasure of Salk's later life, which he pursued in several books and in countless luncheon conversations at his institute, was to reflect on the large questions of human evolution and people's roles as "co-authors" with nature in their destiny--such as, for instance, his own. "I could have studied the immunological properties of, say, the tobacco mosaic virus,'' he once reflected, "published my findings, and they would have been of some interest. But the fact that I chose to work on the polio virus, which brought control of a dreaded disease, made all the difference...