Word: salk
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Fleming serves well as a symbol of all the great medical researchers, such as Jonas Salk and David Ho, who fought disease. But he personally did little, after his initial eureka! moment, to develop penicillin. Nor has the fight against infectious diseases been so successful that it will stand as a defining achievement of the century...
...past three years, researchers have discovered that brain cells regenerate in primate-like tree shrews, marmoset monkeys and rhesus monkeys, all of which are closer to us on the evolutionary scale than are mice (except in Kansas). The real payoff came late last year, when Fred Gage at the Salk Institute and his colleagues in Sweden reported that nerve cells are regenerated in the human hippocampus (a portion of the brain related to memory and learning...
Elsewhere, researchers are looking at ways to hasten the healing permitted by these antibodies. Peripheral nerves outside the cord heal themselves all the time, thanks to regenerative bodies called Schwann cells. Scientists at the Salk Institute in San Diego and at the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis at the University of Miami are experimenting with harvesting Schwann cells and transplanting them to the site of a spinal injury, where they can serve as a bridge across the wound...
...real if very small risks of inoculation. Each year an average of eight children are infected with polio by the otherwise highly effective Sabin oral vaccine, which is made from live but attenuated polio viruses. This danger was highlighted in June, when the Food and Drug Administration recommended the Salk killed-virus vaccine, which is safe but somewhat less effective, instead of the Sabin variety, for the first two of the four required polio inoculations given children. The two additional Sabin vaccinations would be deferred until the kids are out of infancy...
...Berners-Lee, Internet designer --Rachel Carson, environmentalist --Albert Einstein, physicist --Philo Farnsworth, inventor of electronic television --Enrico Fermi, atomic physicist --Alexander Fleming, bacteriologist --Sigmund Freud, psychoanalyst --Robert Goddard, rocket scientist --Kurt Godel, mathematician --Edwin Hubble, astronomer --John Maynard Keynes, economist --The Leakey Family, anthropologists --Jean Piaget, child psychologist --Jonas Salk, virologist --William Shockley, solid-state physicist --Alan Turing, computer scientist --James Watson & Francis Crick, molecular biologists --Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher --The Wright Brothers, visionary aviators...