Word: salmons
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...complex, and some are only dimly understood. Daniel Pauly, 55, a professor of fisheries science at the University of British Columbia, has calculated that it takes 2 to 5 lbs. of anchovies, sardines, menhaden and the other oily fish that comprise fish meal to produce 1 lb. of farmed salmon, which he says makes no sense in a world trying to increase the amount of available protein. Kentucky State University biologist James Tidwell, 47, a former president of the World Aquaculture Society, points out, however, that wild salmon are bigger eaters than that--consuming at least 10 lbs. of fish...
Disease is always a problem when fish are raised in close quarters. After a 1999 outbreak of infectious salmon anemia in fish farms in Scotland, all the farm-grown fish within 25 miles were slaughtered. A similar anemia outbreak in Maine two years ago led to the destruction of more than 2.5 million fish--and to federal insurance payouts totaling $16 million. "The more aquaculture there is," warns Callum Roberts, senior lecturer in marine conservation at the University of York in England, "the more disease there will...
Parasite infestation is another chronic problem of high-density seafood farms. One of the most damaging organisms is the sea louse, which breeds by the millions in the vicinity of captive salmon. In 1989 Peter Mantle, who owns a wild salmon and sea-trout sport fishery in Delphi on the west coast of Ireland, discovered that young trout returning to his river from the ocean were covered with lice that were boring through the trouts' skin and feasting on their flesh. The sea lice were breeding near newly installed salmon farms in the inlet fed by his river...
...containment ponds built onshore into which seawater is pumped. Agrimarine Industries in Cedar, B.C., is testing a site with eight tanks 100 yds. from the sea and 40 ft. above it. But production costs are expected to be about $2.20 a fish--double what it costs to raise a salmon...
...Although salmon farming for decades has been a highly profitable industry and shows strong promise for the long term, profits are being squeezed today--making it more difficult for operators to adopt more expensive, eco-friendly methods. About 75% of salmon-farming firms are relatively small and privately held and don't make their finances public. The large, publicly held companies in the business--including Dutch food producer Nutreco Holdings NV and Norwegian seafood giants Fjord Seafood ASA, Stolt Sea Farm and Pan Fish ASA--are feeling the pinch. Pan Fish recently reported a quarterly operating loss of $18.5 million...