Word: sangh
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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INDIA Growing Tensions As the train puffed out of tiny Jaun-pur, southeast of New Delhi, Deendayal Upadhyaya waved cheerily to his supporters. A few hours later, some 40 miles from Jaunpur, the 50-year-old president of India's second largest political party - the Jana Sangh - was found dead by the side of the tracks, with a crushed skull and fractures of eight ribs, an ankle and an arm. Authorities said that Upadhyaya may have fallen from the train, but the Jana Sangh party called his death "a politically motivated, cold-blooded murder...
...matter how Upadhyaya died, the case pointed up the growing tensions between the Jana Sangh party and its opponents. In India's bitterly divisive political life, the Jana Sangh is one of the few success stories. Organized 17 years ago by the remnants of a militant pro-Hindu party that had been outlawed, the Jana Sangh started out as an archconservative, urban-based organization. Over the years, the leadership turned more moderate and began wooing voters in the countryside and in non-Hindu states of the south. In an attempt to win over Indians of all language communities...
Helped along by the country's desperate food shortages, a stagnant economy and growing unrest, the Jana Sangh sharply attacked Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's socialist-minded Congress Party. It demanded better economic planning, free enterprise to attract foreign investment, a harder line against Pakistan and China, and the development of a nuclear bomb for India. Growing steadily, it won control of the city of Delhi and domination of the opposition coalitions in the two key states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. In last year's national parliamentary elections, the Jana Sangh rolled up 14 million...
...replace Upadhyaya, a longtime politician and one of the original founders of the Jana Sangh, party members met last week and picked another moderate of the same stripe: Atal Bihari Vajpayee, 41, an ex-newspaper editor who served as party leader in the lower house of Parliament. After Upadhya-ya's death, which was followed by an emotional funeral and ritual burning of the body in New Delhi, the new party leader will need all of his political skills to keep his party extremists in line...
Another aspect of the Indian elections which has been much discussed is the accession to strength of the extreme right and the extreme left. This, again, is only partially true. There has certainly been considerable increase in the strength of the extreme right. The Jan Sangh, the reactionary mouthpiece of Hindu communalism, has secured a majority of seats in New Delhi's municipal body and claimed 6 out of the 7 parliamentary seats from New Delhi area. Though it could not topple the Congress Government in Madhya Pradesh, it made sizeable inroads into its majority. It also increased its representation...