Word: saponin
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...system with vaccines that can direct it to target cancer cells. A new vaccine developed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering binds a protein from a mollusk called a limpet to seven different types of sugars and a protein fragment found only on cancer cells. The vaccine is then mixed with saponin, a soaplike derivative from a South American tree. This witch's brew serves to annoy the immune system, revving it up enough to attack cancer cells that are carrying the same sugars and protein fragment...
Other companies are focused on boosting the immune system with vaccines that can direct it to target cancer cells. A vaccine developed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering binds a protein from a limpet to seven different types of sugars and a protein fragment found only on cancer cells, and saponin, a soap-like derivative from a South American tree. This witch’s brew serves to annoy the immune system, revving it up enough to attack cancer cells that are carrying the same sugars and protein fragment...
Working in cooperation with other researchers, Wolf and Nalbandian discovered chemicals that would react to hemoglobin S and other less harmful sickling substances, making a quick screening test possible. A small blood sample is dropped into a tube containing a solution of potassium phosphate, sodium dithionite and saponin. Clouding of the solution is a danger signal but does not specifically identify hemoglobin S. If the first round arouses suspicion, a second test, also based on Murayama's work, is performed immediately. Urea, a natural waste substance produced by the normal liver, breaks some molecular bonds in abnormal hemoglobin. When...
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