Word: sarcoma
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Denied the use of human subjects, researchers make most of their cancer experiments on animals. One vicious type of animal cancer-"mouse sarcoma 180"-is highly resistant to such ordinary methods of treatment as radium and X-ray therapy. In very few cases does it dry up and disappear spontaneously. More important, mouse sarcoma 180 is a reliable subject on which to test the effectiveness of various treatments for human cancer...
Casting about for something new with which to attack mouse sarcoma 180. Dr. Richard Lewisohn of New York City's Mount Sinai Hospital decided to try spleen extract. The functions of the spleen, an organ in the upper left abdomen, are not wholly understood but one of them is to disintegrate red blood corpuscles and set free their hemoglobin. It has been observed that when bits of cancer are transported by the bloodstream to colonize elsewhere in the body, the spleen is seldom affected. Spleen extract had been tried against cancer before, without success. Dr. Lewisohn decided that...
...cancer cells of the type called Ehrlich sarcoma are ground up, made into an emulsion and injected beneath the skins of mice, the animals invariably die. Drs. Alexandre Besredka and Ludwik Gross of the Pasteur Institute in Paris made small, weak doses of finely minced sarcoma tissue, injected them not beneath but in the skins of mice. In most of the animals metastases (cancer colonizations elsewhere in the body) took place and death followed. But in 10% the skin tumor caused by the injection dried up and disappeared and thereafter the mice were immune to that type of sarcoma...
...hardening of arteries; Rudolph John Anderson, biochemist; Dr. Ross Granville Harrison, biologist who began the artificial cultivation of living tissues, for which the Rockefeller Institute's Alexis Carrel is more famed; Rockefeller Institute's Francis Peyton Rous. whose discovery of a type of cancer (Rous's sarcoma) which can be transplanted from one chicken to another gave students of cancer a powerful new instrument of research...
...Chinese education, Layman MacManus helped found the Catholic University of Peiping. All this smoothed the way for a request he made of the Holy See five years ago. Of the six MacManus sons and daughters, two had died within two years: Hugo, 20, of pneumonia and Hubert, 24, of sarcoma. Mr. & Mrs. MacManus determined to build a church on their estate at Bloomfield Hills, bury their offspring therein...